Add bay leaf, cumin seeds, cinnamon, and cardamom. Put in some oil if needed, and make sure to heat the oil a bit before adding the condiments.
Stir them until you get the fragrance and then add the potatoes and keep it covered, on low heat for 5-6 minutes.
Stir it occasionally.
Add the tomatoes and cook all of them for another 3 minutes.
Now, in a bowl, mix cumin powder, red chili powder, turmeric powder, salt, and a bit of water to make it into a slurry. Add it to the kadhai and braise the spices for some time.
Stir all of them well and keep them covered for 3 minutes. add in a splash of water if you see the spice mixture is drying up.
To the mixture, add the ginger paste and cook it for 5 minutes until all the raw smell is gone.
Next add the fried cauliflower, mix them well to coat everything with the spice mix, and then put in the green chilis.
Stir it again until all the veggies are softened.
Give it a taste, and add hot water to make the "Jhol."